Multiple uses of water (MUS) have been traditionally practiced in Thailand for a long time, until the introduction of specific objectives of water use during the past 50 years. Single uses of water resources then became normalized according to the mandate of government sectors on water resource development. This was partly due to limited understanding and lack of information and knowledge about the specific purposes of the development projects of government agencies. Despite the severe reduction in the level of multiple uses in modern development programs, many leading villagers are still developing multiple-use practices at household and farm levels. They could achieve various objectives of integrated water resource management for a successful economy, improved livelihoods, and resource resilience.