Irrigation-plus
Powerpoint presentation given at the MUS group meeting in 2011 in Rome by Zhanyi Gao, National Centre for Efficient Irrigation Technology Research, on multiple uses of water in China, using the Mapping systems and Services for Multiple Uses (MASSMUS) approach.
A study report published by and written on behalf of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Mapping systems and Services for Multiple Uses (MASSMUS) is a module for assessing non-crop water uses in an irrigation scheme within the general approach developed by FAO for auditing the irrigation system management called MASSCOTE (Mapping Systems and Services for Canal Operation Techniques). The need to develop specific approach to multiple uses of water in an irrigation system stemmed from an analysis of 30 irrigation schemes, which revealed that non-crop water use and multiple functions of irrigation schemes were more of a norm than the exception.
The Krishna Western Delta System is located in South India in the state of Andhra Pradesh –on the right bank of the downstream stretches of the Krishna river, along the sea coast (Bay of Bengale). The climate of the Krishna Western Delta is dominated by the southwest monsoon which provides most of the precipitation for the region. The mean annual rainfall amounts to 800 - 900 mm, and about 90% of the rainfall is received during the monsoon months of May to October. The climate can be classified as sub-humid, with minimum and maximum average temperatures ranging from 12.8 to 26.0 °C and 29.7 to 46.5 °C respectively. [authors abstract]
In December 2010, a technical exchange visit was organised between FAO and IRC. The objective of this visit was to further develop the "domestic water supply and sanitation" component of the MASSMUS methodology for assessing multiple uses of water in large-scale irrigation systems. This component was field-tested in the Krishna Western Delta irrigation system, in Andhra Pradesh, India.
The main conclusions with respect to domestic uses is that the most important contributions irrigation makes to domestic supplies is through direct supply of bulk water to city, towns and villages from canals, and through indirect use of groundwater. This is to some extent reflected also in canal operation procedures, where priority is given to filling reservoirs and village tanks for domestic uses. However, domestic water users are not represented in the governance structure of the irrigation system. One area of concern is the lack of adequate wastewater management facilities. As a result, wastewater is used in an untreated manner for irrigation. Although the extent of this is limited compared to conventional irrigation practices, locally it represents an important source of water.
Apart from domestic uses, the KWD also supports other uses of water. These include food production, fish and aquaculture and animal husbandry. A relatively large part of water in the command area is consumed by natural vegetation. In terms of the value created by these different uses, the KWD shows a similar pattern as other similar irrigation systems in the region, with crop production representing 60% of the total value created, with the rest shared between the other uses.
Dr P.S. Rao provided an overview of the MASSMUS guideline application in a large-scale irrigation system in India.
This presentation by Daniel Renault provides an overview of the MASSMUS guidelines, a methodology developed by the FAO to assess multiple-uses of water in large-scale irrigation systems.
This presentation shows different scenarios for the future of surface irrigation in India.
This paper discusses MUS from the perspective of water management on large irrigation systems (LIS) and more specifically addressing the Cost and Benefits Analysis (CBA) pertaining to MUS in irrigation.
This presentation by Trinh Ngoc Lan highlights how multiple-uses of water can be made visible in large irrigation systems and addressed in the management of these.
This presentation introduces a conceptual approach to cost benefit analysis for operation and management of MUS in large irrigation schemes. The MASSCOTE approach (used for auditing irrigation management) is build upon to create MASSMUS; a tool for rapid appraisal for mapping the benefits of MUS.