Technology
The presentation by Mary Renwick and Jacob Kalle looked into the implementation of the "water for health and wealth" MUS programme in Niger and India.
This presentation by Marna de Lange looks at the costs and benefits of rainwater harvesting from a MUS perspective in South Africa.
This presentation provides examples of MUS in different parts of francophone West Africa
Presentation on the 5 year action research program called WASHCost. Central to the program is the full life cycle cost approach of water and sanitation services. The different aspects of thisapproach are highlighted.
The Canzee Hand pump is an inexpensive yet reliable and easy to maintain pump, ideal for small communities. After two years of trials, Winrock International asked its developer to suggest an even simpler design which could be made from locally sourced materials and offered for sale to private households. A prototype pump was made in September 2009, and over the following months a further fifty units will constructed and marketed.
The Canzee pump has been developed with easy maintenance in mind so with an understanding of how the pump works and how plastic pipes can be glued together, it should be possible for it to be maintained and repaired by the villagers themselves. Some jobs, for example the repair or replacement of the steel pump rod, may need the broken part to be sent away for welding, but apart from that, the pump caretaker should be able to keep the pump functioning indefinitely.
An essential role of the project’s technical staff and maintenance teams when visiting the pumps is to ensure that there is at least one caretaker who is totally familiar with the pump, who has a supply of spare pipe, valve seals, a saw blade and some pvc glue to repair the pump when necessary.
The Canzee Hand pump is an inexpensive yet reliable and easy to maintain pump, ideal for small communities. After two years of trials, Winrock International asked its developer to suggest an even simpler design which could be made from locally sourced materials and offered for sale to private households. A prototype pump was made in September 2009, and over the following months a further fifty units will constructed and marketed.
The Canzee pump has been developed with easy maintenance in mind so with an understanding of how the pump works and how plastic pipes can be glued together, it should be possible for it to be maintained and repaired by the villagers themselves. Some jobs, for example the repair or replacement of the steel pump rod, may need the broken part to be sent away for welding, but apart from that, the pump caretaker should be able to keep the pump functioning indefinitely.
An essential role of the project’s technical staff and maintenance teams when visiting the pumps is to ensure that there is at least one caretaker who is totally familiar with the pump, who has a supply of spare pipe, valve seals, a saw blade and some pvc glue to repair the pump when necessary.
This study is aimed at evaluating the efficiency of slow sand filtration (SSF) in clay pots in removing total and thermo-tolerant/faecal coliform bacteria and reducing turbidity and assessing the contamination level at the point-of-use at home in the central highlands of Ethiopia (Yubudu-Legebatu PAs).
The RAIN Foundation submitted a request for technical assistance on the inclusion of MUS in their rainwater harvesting programme in Ethiopia. RiPPLE, through the HCS, provided such support and recommended the programme to include water for livestock.
In three districts of Tigray, northern part of Ethiopia, namely: Hintalo Wajerate, Kilte Awulaelo,
Atsbi Wonberta, a study was conducted to assess the role of household ponds on the expansion of
homegarden and to evaluate the water productivity of household ponds. The methods that were
employed for the study were semi structured questionnaire, field observation, tree inventory, tree
growth measurement and analysis of water productivity of ponds by using water balance models
and water use efficiency indicators. Accordingly, the result of the study indicated that the
construction of household ponds has a great contribution on the expansion of homegardens. The
survival and growth of trees has improved by 15 % and 22 % respectively and the diversity of trees
planted has shown a significant increase. Furthermore, the water productivity result indicated that
the unit crop production per unit supplementary irrigation applied was 75% lower than the
maximum potential water productivity; and the average economic productivity of the pond was
estimated to be 3.8 ETB per cubic meter of water. The study reveals that among the reasons for low
water productivity were inefficient water application and withdrawal method, poor knowledge of
irrigation scheduling, poor selection of crop type and cropping calendar. It was also tried to
quantify some problems in relation to design and implementation approach. Accordingly, because
of the poor design (Trapezoidal shape) the average evaporation loss directly from the ponds was 13
% of the harvested water and the space occupied by the ponds is about 40 % of the land available in
their backyard. Hence, household ponds are more effective and productive when they are
constructed near homesteads for better management. To minimize the direct evaporation loss and
space occupied by trapezoidal ponds other alternatives design needs to be considered. Moreover, in
order to improve the water productivity, introduction of simple family drip irrigation system and
acquainting farmers with scientific irrigation water management system could be among the better
options.
This paper provides a synthesis of research on multi-purpose water systems carried out under the first phase of the Challenge Program on Water and Food, and elsewhere. In addition, it provides elements to guide research in its second phase.